DEfcodoor – Development of an Ecologically Friendly Final Consolidation Step Using Thermoplastic Fibre Placement for a Helicopter Door
Producing helicopter components from laminated composites is currently a highly energy-intensive process. Novel laser-assisted processing eliminates the need for the energy-hungry autoclave, providing numerous other benefits as well.
Project Partners
Dutch Thermoplastic Components B.V., AFPT GmbH
Duration
01.09.2011 – 31.07.2013
Funding authority
FP7-JTI - Specific Programme "Cooperation": Joint Technology Initiatives of the European Union
Motivation
High-performance composites for helicopter doors provide reduced weight, high strength and recyclability. However, conventional processing of thermoset composites requires a highly energy-intensive autoclave step to cure the fibre-reinforced pre-impregnated sheets (prepregs) that have previously been manually aligned. Scientists developed a technology to enhance the sustainability of helicopter door manufacture within the context of the project DEfcodoor. It is based on the use of thermoplastics and laser-assisted thermoplastic fibre placement (TFP). TFP enables the rapid deposition and in situ consolidation of thermoplastic unidirectional tape, eliminating the need for various joining steps. Eliminating the autoclave also decreases production time. Thermoplastics have several advantages compared to thermosets and are gaining ground rapidly. They do not require the autoclave for curing to form cross-links. As they are not irreversibly formed, they can be melted and reused, making them highly recyclable. Finally, their manufacturing is more eco-friendly than thermosets, which require lots of energy and produce noxious chemicals.
Method
The team developed a technology to produce structures consisting of skin and stiffener (to prevent buckling) for helicopter components. Customised stiffener laminates with local reinforcements were produced by laser-assisted TFP and thermoformed into a hat profile to be used in helicopter doors. These were joined in situ to skin laminates again via laser technology. The scientists compared the properties of in situ consolidated laminated specimens with conventional post-consolidated specimens, providing important insight into processing. DEfcodoor demonstrated the many benefits of laser-assisted TFP and subsequent thermoforming to produce helicopter structural components from eco-friendly thermoplastics. Not only does the process decrease energy consumption and scrap. The scrap can also be reused to produce smaller components. Eliminating bonding processes and materials thanks to in situ consolidation can also reduce assembly costs by about 40 %. With continued optimisation of product quality, this technology could make important impact on the competitive position and sustainability of the helicopter industry.
Publications
Radlmaier, V.; Ehard, S.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, K.: Thermoplastic Automated Fiber Placement - Current Fields of Application and Future Prospects. JEC Composites Magazine (97), 2015, pp. 39-45
Radlmaier, V.; Obermeier, G.; Ehard, S.; Kollmannsberger, A.; Körber, H.; Ladstätter, E.: Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic In-situ Joints. Polymer Processing Society Conference (PPS) 2015, 2015
Radlmaier, V.; Henne, F.; Ladstätter, E.: Novel environmentally friendly manufacturing approach for thermoplastic composite helicopter doors. Greener Aviation 2014 Conference, 2014
Acknowledgement
This project has received funding within the framework of the FP7-JTI - Specific Programme "Cooperation": Joint Technology Initiatives of the European Union under grant agreement No 287103 (“Development of a Ecological friendly final consolidation step using Thermoplastic Fibre Placement for a helicopter door”). This publication reflects only the author’s views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Contact Persons
Luciano Avila Gray, M.Sc.; Dipl.-Ing. Kalle Kind; Dr.-Ing. Swen Zaremba
Final Report
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